The size of a partition minus its first part. This is the number of boxes in its diagram that are not in the first row.

The size of a partition. This statistic is the constant statistic of the level sets.

The number of inversions of a binary word.

The sum of the areas of the rectangles formed by two consecutive peaks and the valley in between. For a Dyck path $D = D_1 \cdots D_{2n}$ with peaks in positions $i_1 < \ldots < i_k$ and valleys in positions $j_1 < \ldots < j_{k-1}$, this statistic is given by $$ \sum_{a=1}^{k-1} (j_a-i_a)(i_{a+1}-j_a) $$

The area of the parallelogram polyomino associated with the Dyck path. The (bivariate) generating function is given in [1].

The Frobenius dimension of the Nakayama algebra corresponding to the Dyck path.

The number of nonempty primitive factors of a binary word. A word $u$ is a factor of a word $w$ if $w = p u s$ for words $p$ and $s$. A word is primitive, if it is not of the form $u^k$ for a word $u$ and an integer $k\geq 2$. Apparently, the maximal number of nonempty primitive factors a binary word of length $n$ can have is given by [[oeis:A131673]].

The number of inversions of a permutation. This equals the minimal number of simple transpositions $(i,i+1)$ needed to write $\pi$. Thus, it is also the Coxeter length of $\pi$.

The number of non-inversions of a permutation. For a permutation of $\{1,\ldots,n\}$, this is given by $\operatorname{noninv}(\pi) = \binom{n}{2}-\operatorname{inv}(\pi)$.

The major index of a binary word. This is the sum of the positions of descents, i.e., a one followed by a zero. For words of length $n$ with $a$ zeros, the generating function for the major index is the $q$-binomial coefficient $\binom{n}{a}_q$.