The size of the preimage of the map 'to partition' from Integer compositions to Integer partitions.
This is the multinomial of the multiplicities of the parts, see [1].
This is the same as $m_\lambda(x_1,\dotsc,x_k)$ evaluated at $x_1=\dotsb=x_k=1$,
where $k$ is the number of parts of $\lambda$.
An explicit formula is $\frac{k!}{m_1(\lambda)! m_2(\lambda)! \dotsb m_k(\lambda) !}$
where $m_i(\lambda)$ is the number of parts of $\lambda$ equal to $i$.

Return the Dyck path obtained by adding an initial up and a final down step.

The promotion of the two-row standard Young tableau of a Dyck path.
Dyck paths of semilength $n$ are in bijection with standard Young tableaux of shape $(n^2)$, see Mp00033to two-row standard tableau.
This map is the bijection on such standard Young tableaux given by Schützenberger's promotion. For definitions and details, see [1] and the references therein.

The cut-out partition of a Dyck path.
The partition $\lambda$ associated to a Dyck path is defined to be the complementary partition inside the staircase partition $(n-1,\ldots,2,1)$ when cutting out $D$ considered as a path from $(0,0)$ to $(n,n)$.
In other words, $\lambda_{i}$ is the number of down-steps before the $(n+1-i)$-th up-step of $D$.
This map is a bijection between Dyck paths of size $n$ and partitions inside the staircase partition $(n-1,\ldots,2,1)$.