The number of cycles in the breakpoint graph of a permutation. The breakpoint graph of a permutation $\pi_1,\dots,\pi_n$ is the directed, bicoloured graph with vertices $0,\dots,n$, a grey edge from $i$ to $i+1$ and a black edge from $\pi_i$ to $\pi_{i-1}$ for $0\leq i\leq n$, all indices taken modulo $n+1$. This graph decomposes into alternating cycles, which this statistic counts. The distribution of this statistic on permutations of $n-1$ is, according to [cor.1, 5] and [eq.6, 6], given by $$ \frac{1}{n(n+1)}((q+n)_{n+1}-(q)_{n+1}), $$ where $(x)_n=x(x-1)\dots(x-n+1)$.

The number of indecomposable projective-injective modules in the algebra corresponding to a subset. Let $A_n=K[x]/(x^n)$. We associate to a nonempty subset S of an (n-1)-set the module $M_S$, which is the direct sum of $A_n$-modules with indecomposable non-projective direct summands of dimension $i$ when $i$ is in $S$ (note that such modules have vector space dimension at most n-1). Then the corresponding algebra associated to S is the stable endomorphism ring of $M_S$. We decode the subset as a binary word so that for example the subset $S=\{1,3 \} $ of $\{1,2,3 \}$ is decoded as 101.