The coefficient of the integer composition in the quasisymmetric expansion of the relabelling action of the symmetric group on cycles.

The chromatic difference sequence of a graph.
Let $G$ be a simple graph with chromatic number $\kappa$. Let $\alpha_m$ be the maximum number of vertices in a $m$-colorable subgraph of $G$. Set $\delta_m=\alpha_m-\alpha_{m-1}$. The sequence $\delta_1,\delta_2,\dots\delta_\kappa$ is the chromatic difference sequence of $G$.
All entries of the chromatic difference sequence are positive: $\alpha_m > \alpha_{m-1}$ for $m < \kappa$, because we can assign any uncolored vertex of a partial coloring with $m-1$ colors the color $m$. Therefore, the chromatic difference sequence is a composition of the number of vertices of $G$ into $\kappa$ parts.

Apply the delta morphism to an integer composition.
The delta morphism of a composition $C$ is the compositions composed of the lengths of consecutive runs of the same integer in $C$.

The core of a graph.
The core of a graph $G$ is the smallest graph $C$ such that there is a homomorphism from $G$ to $C$ and a homomorphism from $C$ to $G$.
Note that the core of a graph is not necessarily connected, see [2].