The number of occurrences of the pattern 23-1.
See Permutations/#Pattern-avoiding_permutations for the definition of the pattern $23\!\!-\!\!1$.

Sends a permutation to a permutation and it preserves the set of right-to-left minima.
Take a permutation $\pi$ of length $n$. The mapping looks for a smallest odd integer $i\in[n-1]$ such that swapping the entries $\pi(i)$ and $\pi(i+1)$ preserves the set of right-to-left minima. Otherwise, $\pi$ will be a fixed element of the mapping. Note that the map changes the sign of all non-fixed elements.
There are exactly $\binom{\lfloor n/2 \rfloor}{k-\lceil n/2 \rceil}$ elements in $S_n$ fixed under this map, with exactly $k$ right-to-left minima, see Lemma 35 in [1].

Krattenthaler's bijection to 321-avoiding permutations.
Draw the path of semilength $n$ in an $n\times n$ square matrix, starting at the upper left corner, with right and down steps, and staying below the diagonal. Then the permutation matrix is obtained by placing ones into the cells corresponding to the peaks of the path and placing ones into the remaining columns from left to right, such that the row indices of the cells increase.

Let $\sigma = (i_{11}\cdots i_{1k_1})\cdots(i_{\ell 1}\cdots i_{\ell k_\ell})$ be a permutation given by cycle notation such that every cycle starts with its maximal entry, and all cycles are ordered increasingly by these maximal entries.
Maps $\sigma$ to the permutation $[i_{11},\ldots,i_{1k_1},\ldots,i_{\ell 1},\ldots,i_{\ell k_\ell}]$ in one-line notation.
In other words, this map sends the maximal entries of the cycles to the left-to-right maxima, and the sequences between two left-to-right maxima are given by the cycles.