The number of linear extensions of a certain poset defined for an integer partition. The poset is constructed in David Speyer's answer to Matt Fayers' question [3]. The value at the partition $\lambda$ also counts cover-inclusive Dyck tilings of $\lambda\setminus\mu$, summed over all $\mu$, as noticed by Philippe Nadeau in a comment. This statistic arises in the homogeneous Garnir relations for the universal graded Specht modules for cyclotomic quiver Hecke algebras.

The number of partitions contained in the given partition.

The total number of Littlewood-Richardson tableaux of given shape. This is the multiplicity of the Schur function $s_\lambda$ in $\sum_{\mu, \nu} s_\mu s_\nu$, where the sum is over all partitions $\mu$ and $\nu$.

The number of parking functions supported by a Dyck path. One representation of a parking function is as a pair consisting of a Dyck path and a permutation $\pi$ such that if $[a_0, a_1, \dots, a_{n-1}]$ is the area sequence of the Dyck path then the permutation $\pi$ satisfies $pi_i < pi_{i+1}$ whenever $a_{i} < a_{i+1}$. This statistic counts the number of permutations $\pi$ which satisfy this condition.

The number of Dyck paths that are weakly above a Dyck path.

The number of permutations whose descent word is the given binary word. This is the sizes of the preimages of the map [[Mp00109]].

The number of 3-Catalan paths having this Dyck path as first and last coordinate projections. A 3-Catalan path is a lattice path from $(0,0,0)$ to $(n,n,n)$ consisting of steps $(1,0,0)$, $(0,1,0)$, and $(0,0,1)$ such that for each point $(x,y,z)$ on the path we have $x \geq y \geq z$. Its first and last coordinate projections, denoted by $D_{xy}$ and $D_{yz}$, are the Dyck paths obtained by projecting the Catalan path onto the $x,y$-plane and the $y,z$-plane, respectively. For a given Dyck path $D$ this is the number of Catalan paths $C$ such that $D_{xy}(C) = D_{yz}(C) = D$. If $D$ is of semilength $n$, $r_i(D)$ denotes the number of downsteps between the $i$-th and $(i+1)$-st upstep, and $s_i(D)$ denotes the number of upsteps between the $i$-th and $(i+1)$-st downstep, then this number is given by $\prod\limits_{i=1}^{n-1} \binom{r_i(D) + s_i(D)}{r_i(D)}$.

The number of Dyck paths that are weakly above the Dyck path, except for the path itself.

The number of antichains in a poset. An antichain in a poset $P$ is a subset of elements of $P$ which are pairwise incomparable. An order ideal is a subset $I$ of $P$ such that $a\in I$ and $b \leq_P a$ implies $b \in I$. Since there is a one-to-one correspondence between antichains and order ideals, this statistic is also the number of order ideals in a poset.

The number of maximal chains in a poset.